Hetman - online puzzles
Online puzzle Hetman
Hetman (Ukrainian: гетьман, romanized: het’mаn; Czech: hejtman; Romanian: hatman) is a political title from Central and Eastern Europe, historically assigned to military commanders.
It was the title of the second -highest military commander in the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the 16th to 18th centuries. A hetman was the highest military officer in the hetmanates of Ukraine, the Zaporizhian Host (1649–1764), and the Ukrainian State (1918). The title was used by Ukrainian Cossacks from the 16th century. Used by the Czechs in Bohemia since the 15th century, in the modern Czech Republic the title is used for regional governors. Throughout much of the history of Romania and the Moldavia, hetmans were the second -highest army rank.
Etymology
According to some historians like Mykhailo Maksymovych, Hetman has derived from name of the Grand Prince of Lithuania Gedimin, in a same manner as title " King " (Korol, Kral) has derived from Charlemagne (Karl the Great ), as title Caesar, Czar, Kaiser has derived from Caesar.According to the Oxford Dictionary, the term hetman has Polish origin and probably derived from German Hauptmann – captain). It has been suggested that the Czech language may have served as an intermediary, and Polish has also been suggested.
Alternatively, it could be a variant of the comparable Turkic title ataman (literally ' father of horsemen').