Dementia is a broad category of brain diseases that cause a long-term and often gradual decrease in the ability to think and remember that is great enough to affect a person 's daily functioning. Other common symptoms include emotional problems, difficulties with language, and a decrease in motivation. A person 's consciousness is usually not affected. A dementiadiagnosis requires a change from a person 's usual mental functioning and a greater decline than one would expect due to aging. These diseases also have a significant effect on a person 's caregivers.
The most common type of dementia is Alzheimer's disease, which makes up 50% to 70% of cases. Other common types include vascular dementia (25%), Lewy body dementia (15%), and frontotemporal dementia. Less common causes include normal pressure hydrocephalus, Parkinson's disease, syphilis, and Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease among others. More than one type of dementia may exist in the same person. A small proportion of cases run in families.
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