A book cover is any protective covering used to bind together the pages of a book. Beyond the familiar distinction between hardcovers and paperbacks, there are further alternatives and additions, such as dust jackets, ring-binding, and older forms such as the nineteenth-century " paper -boards" and the traditional types of hand -binding. The term "Bookcover" is often used for a book cover image in library management software. This article is concerned with modern mechanically produced covers.
History
Before the early nineteenth century, books were hand -bound, in the case of luxury medieval manuscripts using materials such as gold, silver and jewels. For hundreds of years, book bindings had functioned as a protective device for the expensively printed or hand -made pages, and as a decorative tribute to their cultural authority. In the 1820s great changes began to occur in how a book might be covered, with the gradual introduction of techniques for mechanical book -binding. Cloth, and then paper, became the staple materials used when books became so cheap— thanks to the introduction of steam -powered presses and mechanically produced paper —that to have them hand -bound became disproportionate to the cost of the book itself.
Not only were the new types of book -covers cheaper to produce, they were also printable, using multi-colour lithography, and later, halftone illustration processes. Techniques borrowed from the nineteenth-century poster -artists gradually infiltrated the book industry, as did the professional practice of graphic design.
