Interrelationships of various tissues in the metabolism of amino acids. B. During fasting, muscle releases amino acids, particularly alanine and glutamine. Glutamine is converted by the kidneys into alanine and serine, or by the intestine into alanine. Alanine is taken up by the liver. This converts the carbons of alanine and other amino acids into glucose or ketone bodies and the nitrogens into urea. Glucose and ketone bodies are oxidized by other tissues. Muscle can oxidize glucose, forming alanine, which is converted back to glucose in the liver (the glucose–alanine cycle). RBC, red blood cells (erythrocytes).
Interrelationships of various tissues in the metabolism of amino acids. B. During fasting, muscle releases amino acids, particularly alanine and glutamine. Glutamine is converted by the kidneys into alanine and serine, or by the intestine into alanine. Alanine is taken up by the liver. This converts the carbons of alanine and other amino acids into glucose or ketone bodies and the nitrogens into urea. Glucose and ketone bodies are oxidized by other tissues. Muscle can oxidize glucose, forming alanine, which is converted back to glucose in the liver (the glucose–alanine cycle). RBC, red blood cells (erythrocytes).
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